Section 53 states that if an abettor instigates a person to cause a certain harm or effect, but the act leads to a more serious or different consequence, the abettor will still be liable for that actual result - if the abettor knew that such a result was likely. This section reinforces the principle of accountability for foreseeable outcomes in criminal abetment.
Key Provisions:
- If:
- A person abets an act intending a specific effect (e.g. hurt),
- But the act results in a different and more serious effect (e.g. death),
- And the abettor knew such a result was likely,
- Then the abettor is liable for the actual result,
- As if they intended that result all along.
How It Protects:
- Ensures abettors cannot avoid responsibility by claiming they did not intend the final result.
- Holds people accountable for the natural and probable consequences of their criminal actions.
- Discourages reckless instigation by emphasizing legal foresight and responsibility.
Example:
- A tells B to beat Z to cause grievous hurt. B beats Z, but Z dies from the injuries. If A knew that death was a likely result, A is guilty of murder under abetment.